Maternal risk factors for term low birth weight neonates: a retrospective hospital based study at Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence, morbidity, mortality of low birth weight babies can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of term babies with low birth weight were studied over a period of 1 year using hospital records with emphasis on age, parity, height, BMI and maternal diseases.
Results: A total of 121 babies were included. The average birth weight in women aged 15-20 years was 1.89 kg, 21- 30 years it was 2.2 kg, more than 30 years, it was 2.12 kg, and difference in weight of babies born to mothers aged 15-20 years was statistically lower. The average birth weight among Gravida1 (G1) mothers was 1.95 kg. Among G2 mothers, it was 2.27 kg and G3 was 2.28 kg. Difference in weights of babies of G1 mothers was significantly lower than babies born to G2 mothers (p<0.0001). The weight of babies of mothers with height <145cm was 2.04 kg, between 145-155cm was 2.12 kg, >155cm was 2.13 kg. The weight of babies of mothers with hemoglobin 7-10 gm/dl (1.88) was lower than weight of babies of mothers with hemoglobin >10 gm/dl (2.25). This was highly significant statistically (p value<0.0001). The weight of babies of mothers with BMI<25 was 2.08 kg, with BMI 20-25 was 2.12 kg, BMI>30 was 2.15 kg, this was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: We hereby conclude that lesser age, primiparity and anemia are associated with low birth weight in term infants.
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