Study of incidence, clinical profile and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: The reported incidence of hypoglycemia varies with its definition. The clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia are nonspecific and similar to those of many disorders in newborn infants. Persistent hypoglycemia is more likely to be associated with possible neurologic sequelae. However, its definition, clinical significance, and management remain controversial.

Methods: This prospective observational study was done over a period of 2 years. Babies admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit with whole blood sugar levels <40 mg/dl and fulfilling inclusion criteria were taken up for the study. These babies were subjected to detailed history taking, thorough clinical examination and investigations. The babies were observed for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

Results: Neonatal hypoglycemia constituted about 8.26%. Majority of hypoglycemic babies were preterm babies. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia was predominantly noticed in preterm babies (65.21%). Term babies (58.82%) showed more symptoms with hypoglycemia than preterm babies. The major clinical manifestations are jitteriness, lethargy, convulsions and apneic spells. PIH and prematurity are most associated risk factors. Significantly low Sugar levels (p value <0.005) were noticed in symptomatic hypoglycemic babies.

Conclusion: Hypoglycemia in neonates can have variable presentations indicating the need for detailed and thorough examination for evidence of hypoglycemia. Identification of risk factors of hypoglycemia and proper monitoring blood glucose levels should be done to plan early treatment and prevent neurological damage.