High blood pressure in school going adolescents: prevalence and risk factors
Abstract
Background: Childhood and adolescent hypertension and pre-hypertension is important predictor of long term cardio-vascular and neurological disorder. Hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of high normal and elevated BP among school children and to assess associated risk factors.
Materials and Methods: School going children aged between 11 to 18 years, of four schools were selected by purposive sampling method and blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American heart association. Hypertension is considered when blood pressure is more than 95th percentile and pre-hypertension when blood pressure is between 90-95th percentile after third reading.
Results: Total prevalence of hypertension in our study was 5.36%. Hypertension in males was 5.37% and in females was 5.36%. Prevalence of pre-hypertension is more than hypertension. Total prevalence of pre-hypertension was 8.74%, in males it was slightly higher (10.35%) compare to females (7.14%). Prevalence of hypertension in obese was 24.07% against non-obese 5.56% (P <0.001). Obese female have higher prevalence of hypertension compare to male obese (29.62% Vs 18.62%).
Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension was 5.36% in the study subjects. Childhood obesity and parental hypertension was found to be significant association for childhood hypertension. Follow-up of children throughout school age makes possible taking of preventative measures and promotion of healthy life style.
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