Clinical and epidemiological study of scorpion sting envenomation at a teaching hospital in rural Telangana

Abstract

Introduction: Scorpions have adapted to diverse environments and are mainly found in tropical and sub- tropical countries, between latitude 50 N and 50 S. Scorpion stings are primarily due to accidental contact with scorpion. Scorpions capable of inflicting fatal stings in humans are all members of families Buthus and Scorpionidae. Reports from Bellary, Rayalaseema, rural Maharashtra, Pondicherry and Chennai have documented such fatalities in children and adults. This study was done to know the clinical presentation, course, complications and outcome of scorpion sting envenomation. To study the epidemiology and circumstances leading to scorpion sting in the community.

Materials and Methods: 50 cases of scorpion sting, admitted to Mamata General Hospital, Khammam from October 2010 to October 2012 were included in the study. On admission, a detailed clinical history, including the time of sting, symptomatology, details of treatment received before admission was taken. Further a description of the scorpion and details about the circumstances leading up to the sting were obtained.

Results: Maximum numbers of cases were noted in the age groups of 4-6 years. Scorpion sting were more common in males. Maximum number of cases were seen in rainy and in the summer season. Stings due to Mesobuthus species (Red scorpion) were slightly more common than stings due to Palamneus species (Black scorpion).

Conclusion: Scorpions have been known to man since time immemorial and have a significant presence in mythology and human history. Scorpion stings, once considered just a painful nuisance have now got the attention and care that they deserve. Early and effective prazosin therapy, good supportive care, close monitoring and management of complications can limit the resulting morbidity and mortality significantly. The role of scorpion antivenom still remains controversial.