Etiological study of neonatal septicaemia
Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first month of life.Our aim was to study the etiological profile of neonatal septicaemia and their sensitivity pattern.
Methodology: The study was conducted over a period of one and half years in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana. A total of 100 cases with positive sepsis screen were identified with standard biochemical tests and these newborns were subjected to blood culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Results: There were 66 male babies and 34 female babies with male: female ratio of 1.9:1. In the study 94% cases were early onset neonatal sepsis and 6% were late onset neonatal sepsis. The blood cultures of 54 babies showed growth, out of these 16 (29.6%) cases were grampositive bacteria, 34(62.9%) were gram negative bacteria and 4(7.4%) showed fungal growth (i.e. candida albicans). Acinetobacter species were most common among gramnegative organisms i.e. 64.7%. Staphylococcus aureus along with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) were common organisms seen among grampositive bacteria. Among gramnegative isolates 62.9% were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers.
Conclusion: Neonatal septicaemia is a life-threatening emergency. The study of etiological profile and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern plays a significant role in decreasing the neonatal mortality rate. The rational use of antibiotics will reduce infection rate ensuring better therapeutic success and reduce the resistance of the organism to available antibiotics.
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