A cross-sectional study on immunization status among Anganwadi children in a rural community, Karnataka
Abstract
Background: Communicable diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. One of the most costeffective methods for well-being of a child is immunization. In India, immunization services are offered through anganwadis which is mainly well utilized in rural areas. The Universal Immunization Programme which was launched in 1985 currently covers Ten Vaccine Preventable diseases in Karnataka. In spite of good resources the immunization rate remains low in some areas because of various reasons.
Objectives: To assess the immunization coverage of 3-6 years children coming to Anganwadis.
Materials and Methodology: The present study was carried out in rural field practice area of a medical college in Kolar district. In this descriptive cross sectional study, children in the age group of 3-6 years who were enrolled with anganwadi were listed and their mothers were interviewed by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which captured various sociodemographic details, factors favoring and obstacles for immunization was Captured for a period of 6 months from October 2018 to March 2019.
Results: Completely immunized children were 86 %, partially immunized were 14 % and none was un-immunized. The most common reasons for not immunizing the child were Current Illness for the Child, Time and Place not known for vaccination and Fear of Side Effects, Mother’s education, Social class and Religion were significantly associated with Immunization.
Conclusion: The overall coverage of immunization among the rural area was good but emphasis on addressing the reasons for partial immunization should be met by effective IEC and Inter-personal communication. The reasons for partial/non immunization are preventable and may be increased by creating awareness about vaccine preventable disease and strengthening the immunization services.
Downloads
References
2. Bland J, Clements CJ. Protecting the world's children: the story of WHO's immunization programme. InWorld health forum 1998;19 (2):162-173.
3. WHO: Immunization coverage; Media centre factsheet available at: http:// www. who. int/ mediacentre / factsheets/fs378/en. [Last assessed Sep 2018]
4. Kishore J. National health programs of India. 11th ed. New Delhi: Century Publications; 2014. chap 8, Universal Immunization Programme; p. 156-199.
5. Datta S, Jobby A. Nutritional status and immunization coverage of the Anganwadi children in the Urban Training Health Centre of Travancore Medical College, Kollam: Int J Public Health Res. 2016;3(1):27-31.DOI:10.17511/ijphr.2016.i1.05
6. Kapil U. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme: a program for holistic development of children in India. Indian J Pediat. 2002;69 (7):597601.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722688
7. Kumari PBJ, Kamini S, Menon AGG. Factors affecting the knowledge, attitude and adoption of improved practices in health and nutrition of ICDS beneficiaries. Indian J Nutr Diet. 2007;44 (2):140-7.
8. Tandon BN, Gandhi N. Immunization coverage in India for areas served by the Integrated Child Development Services programme. The Integrated Child Development Services Consultants. Bull World Health Organ. 1992;70 (4):461.
9. Government of India. Ministry of health and family welfare. Immunization Handbook for Medical Officers. 2008; P-7.
10. Chaudhary V,Tiwari M, Ghoghare M. Immunization status of 1-5 year old children and factors affecting it: a hospital based study - PediatOncall J. 2015; 12(3): 67-68.DOI: 10.7199/ ped.oncall.2015.54
11. Mandal GC, Bose K, Bisai S. Thinness among rural children in Bengal. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76 (8):817-9. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-009-0178-y. Epub 2009.
12. Deshmukh PR, Dongre AR, Gupta SS, Garg BS. Newly developed WHO growth standards: implications for demographic surveys and child health programs. Indian J Pediatr. 2007;74 (11):987-90. DOI:10.1007/ s12098-007-0181-0
13. Kar M, Reddaiah VP, Kant S. Primary immunization status of children in slum areas of South Delhi-the Challange of Reaching the urban poor. Indian J Comm Med.2001;26 (3):151-154.
14. Kadri AM, Singh A, Jain S, Mahajan RG, Trivedi A. Study on immunization coverage in urban slums of Ahmedabad city. Health Population: Perspect Issues. 2010;33 (1):50-54.
15. M.M. Angadi, Arun Pulikkottil Jose, Rekha Udgiri, K.A. Masali, and Vijaya Sorganvi.A Study of Knowledge, Atti-tude and Practices on Immunization of Children in Urban Slums of Bijapur City, Karnataka, India. J Clin Diagn Res. Dec 2013; 7(12): 2803–2806. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/6565.3763
16. Mathew JL. Inequity in Childhood Immunization in India: A Systematic Review. Indian Pediatr 2012; 49(3): 203-22.
17. Buor D. Mothers’ education and childhood mortality in Ghana. Health policy. 2003 1;64 (3):297309.DOI:doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8510(02)00178-1
18. Chaudhary V, Kumar R, Agarwal VK, Joshi HS, Sharma M. Evaluation of Primary immunization coverage in an urban area of Bareilly city using Cluster Sampling Technique. Nat JInteg ResMed. 2010 1;1(4):10-15.
Copyright (c) 2019 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
