Childhood bronchial asthma and its associated factors: a study from a tertiary care teaching hospital of coastal Karnataka, India
Abstract
Background: Understanding of clinical profile and associated risk factors such as family history, exposure to smoke (indoor/outdoor), allergen, and others may help taking suitable and timely preventive measures. Therefore
Aim: This study aims to find the clinical profile and associated factors with bronchial asthma among children from south India.
Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College located at Manipal during 2013-2014. After taking detailed history, study subjects were taken and examined clinically on this basis for active wheeze/whistling. Relevant information on demography, environmental, and risk factors associated with asthma were noted.
Results: 45.5% had symptoms suggestive of intermittent asthma, 28.7% had mild persistent asthma, and 21.9% had symptoms consistent with moderate persistent disease. 44.8% qualified as early onset asthma i.e. onset before 3 years of age. 75.9% children had h/o allergic diathesis; with allergic rhinitis being the most common manifestation (70.34%). Seasonal variation (81.3%) was the most commonly encountered triggering factor, followed by h/o preceding upper respiratory infection (80%), dust exposure (74.5%) and smoke exposure (62.7%).
Conclusion: There was high prevalence of asthma among children in this study. The mean age at presentation and clinical profile of the early onset and late onset asthma groups was similar and comparable. Seasonal exacerbation of symptoms was the most common triggering event.
Downloads
References
2. Bush A, Fleming L. Diagnosis and management of asthma in children. BMJ. 2015;350:h996. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h996.
3. Reddy MB, Covar RA. Asthma phenotypes in childhood. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(2):127–34. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000252
4. Zedan M, Settin A, Farag M, Ezz-Elregal M, Osman E, Fouda A. Prevalence of bronchial asthma among Egyptian school children. Egypt J Bronchol. 2009; 3(2):124–30.
5. Ho SM. Environmental epigenetics of asthma: an update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(3):453–65. doi: 10.1016/j. jaci.2010.07.030.
6. Hamam F, Eldalo A, Albarraq A, Khaleel M, Kaabi Y, Al Ghamdi A, et al. The prevalence of asthma and its related risk factors among the children in Taif area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Health Sci. 2015; 4(3):179–84. doi: 10.4103/2278-0521.171436
7. Urbano FL. Review of the NAEPP 2007 Expert Panel Report (EPR-3) on asthma diagnosis and treatment guidelines. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008;14(1):41-9. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2008.14.1.41
8. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2009;64(6):476-83.doi: 10.1136/thx.2008.106609. Epub 2009 Feb 22.
9. Arora K, Das RR, Pooni PA, Rustagi R, Singh D. A study of the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in urban schools of Ludhiana, Punjab. Indian J Health Sci. 2015;8(2):104-8. doi: 10.4103/2349-5006.174237
10. Kumar GS, Roy G, Subitha L, Sahu SK. Prevalence of bronchial asthma and its associated factors among school children in urban Puducherry, India. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5(1):59-62. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.127289
11. Sharma BS, Gupta MK, Chandel R. Prevalence of asthma in urban school children in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Ind Pediatrics. 2012;49(10):835-6.
12. Paramesh H. Epidemiology of Bronchial Asthma in India. Indian J Pediatr. 2002;69(4):309–12.
13. Vishwanathan R, Prasad M, Thakur AK, Sinha SP, Prakash N, Mody RK, et al. Epidemiology of asthma in an urban population: A random morbidity survey. J Indian Med Assoc. 1966;46(9):480–3.
14. Pal R, Dahal S, Pal S. Prevalence of bronchial asthma in Indian children. Indian J Community Med 2009;34(4):310-6.doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.58389
15. Awasthi S, Kalra E, Roy S, Awasthi S. Prevalence and risk factors of asthma and wheeze in school-going children in Lucknow, North India. Indian Pediatr. 2004;41(12):1205-10.
16. Kaur J, Chugh K, Sachdeva A, Satyanarayana L. Under diagnosis of asthma in school children and its related factors. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44(6):425-8.
17. Narayanappa D, Rajani HS, Mahendrappa KB, Ravikumar VG. Prevalence of asthma in urban school children in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:835-6.
18. Taylor WR, Newacheck PW. Impact of childhood asthma on health. Pediatr. 1992;90(5):657-62.
19. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Eur Respir J. 1998;12(2):315-35.
20. Qureshi UA, Bilques S, ul Haq I, Khan MS, Qurieshi MA, Qureshi UA. Epidemiology of bronchial asthma in school children (10–16 years) in Srinagar. Lung India. 2016;33(2):167-73. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.177442
21. Liang PH, Shyur SD, Huang LH, Wen DC, Chiang YC, Lin MT, et al. Risk factors and characteristics of early-onset asthma in Taiwanese children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39(5):414-21.
22. Ripabelli G, Tamburro M, Sammarco ML, de Laurentiis G, Bianco A. Asthma prevalence and risk factors among children and adolescents living around an industrial area: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1038. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1038
23. Xu XF, Li YJ, Sheng YJ, Liu JL, Tang LF, Chen ZM. Effect of low birth weight on childhood asthma: a meta-analysis. BMC pediatrics. 2014;14(1):275. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-275
24. Flaherman V, Rutherford GW. A meta-analysis of the effect of high weight on asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91(4):334–339.doi: 10.1136/adc.2005.080390
25. Jaakkola JJ, Ahmed P, Ieromnimon A, Goepfert P, Laiou E, Quansah R, Jaakkola MS. Preterm delivery and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(4):823–830.DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.043
Copyright (c) 2019 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
