Incidence of neonatal sepsis in relation to prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM)>18 hours and associated risk factors for early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)
Keywords:
Neonatal sepsis, Prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS), Bacterial pathogens
Abstract
Introduction: PROM is significant not only in perinatal morbidity and mortality, but also in the long-term neonatal complications and sequelae in survived neonates. The evaluation of neonatal sepsis is important so as to institute treatment as quickly as possible. Hence the present study is undertaken to determine the incidence of early onset neonatal sepsis in relation to PROM of more than 18 hours.
Method: The present prospective study was conducted from December 2013 to November 2014 in GSL medical college and hospital, Rajahmundry. All the neonates born to mothers with history of prolonged rupture of membranes >18hrs during study period was formed sample size for present study. Institutional Ethical Clearance was obtained prior begin of the study. A detailed history was taken including age, parity, Obstetric history of the mother with emphasis on exact time of rupture of membranes, duration history and antibiotics before labour were evaluated.
Result: The incidence of EONS in present study was found to be 14.5%. In present study the incidence of sepsis is higher in low birth weight neonates (66%) compared to normal birth weight babies (34%) and higher rate of incidence in preterm neonates (61.5%) than in term neonates (38.5%). Further, Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolate (45.45%) followed by CONS (27.27%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, evaluation of neonatal sepsis is very important so as to institute treatment as quickly as possible.
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References
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23. Anwer SK, Mustafa S. Rapid identification of neonatal sepsis. J -Pak Med Assoc. 2000; 50 (3): 94-7.
24. Elewa A, Anber N, El Sayed ZM, Basem SA. El Deek. Evaluation of Microbiologic and Hematologic Parameters and E-Selectin as Early Predictors for Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015;4(11):665-673.
25. Venkatarao B, Israel G, Kamal P. Diagnostic Value of C- Reactive Protein and Hematological Parameters in Neonatal Sepsis. IOSR-JDMS. 2015;14(4):30-38.
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29. Eman M. RabieShehab El-Din, Mohamed M. Adel El-Sokkary, Mohamed Reda Bassiouny, Ramadan Hassan. Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis and Implicated Pathogens: A Study from Egypt. Bio Med Res Inter07/2015. 2015:1-1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10. 1155/2015/509484
30. Ahmed AS, Chowdhury MA, Hoque M, Darmstadt GL. Clinical and bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia in a tertiary level pediatric hospital in Bangladesh. Indian Pediat. 2002;39(11):1034–1039.
31. Mugalu J, Nakakeeto MK, Kiguli S, Kaddu Mulindwa DH. Aetiology, risk factors and immediate outcome of bacteriologically confirmed neonatal septicaemia in Mulago hospital, Uganda. African Health Sciences. 2006;6(2):120-126.
32. F-Nilli AA, Shams A. Neonatal Complications of premature rupture of membrane. Acta Medica Iranica. 2003; 41(3):175-179.
33. Report of the National Neonatal Perinatal Database. Report 2002-2003. NNPD Network. [Last accessed on 2013 Dec 17]. Available from: http://www.newborn whocc. org/pdf/ nnpd_report_2002-03.PDF .
34.Shashikala S.TallurA.V. Kasturi,Shobha D.Nadgir,B.V. S. Krishna. Clinico-bacteriological study of neonatal septicemia in Hubli. Ind J Pediat. 2000;67 (3): 169-174.
35. Kerur BM, Bhat BV, Harish BN, Habeebullah S., Kumar CU. Maternal Genital Bacteria and Surface Colonization in Early Neonatal Sepsis. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73(1):29-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF027 58256
36. Meremikwu MM, Nwachukwu CE, Asuquo AE, Okebe JU, Utsalo SJ. Bacterial isolates from blood cultures of children with suspected septicaemia in Cala-bar, Nigeria. BMC infectious diseases. 2005;5(1) :110
2.World Health Report: Level and trends in child mortality. Geneva: WHO 2011. Available from https:// www. unicef. org ›files › Child_Mortality_Report_ 2011_Final
3.Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9730): 1969-1987. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(10)60549-1. Epub 2010 May 11.
4. Mahmood A, Fazal ur Rehman, Chughtai F. A survey of infection control practices in the delivery room and nursery to investigate and control the high rate of neonatal sepsis: an experience at a secondary care hospital. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008;58(5):237-240.
5. Popowski T, Goffinet F, Maillard F, Schmitz T, Leroy S, Kayem G. Maternal markers for detecting early-onset neonatal infection and chorioamnionitis in cases of premature rupture of membranes at or after 34 weeks of gestation: a two-center prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11:26. doi: 10.1186/ 1471-2393-11-26.
6. Kilbride HW, Thibeault DW. Neonatal complications of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Pathophysiology and management. Clin Perinatol. 2001;28(4):761-785. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-5108(03)00076-9
7. Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Das AF, Thurnau GR, Bendon RW, Miodovnik M, Ramsey RD, Rabello YA. What we have learned regarding antibiotic therapy for the reduction of infant morbidity after preterm premature rupture of the membranes. InSeminars in Perinatology. WB Saunders. 2003 Jun 1 (Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 217-230).
8. Medina TM, Hill DA. Preterm premature rupture of membranes: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(4):659-664.
9. Boskabadi H, Maamouri G, Mafinejad S. Neonatal complications related with prolonged rupture of membranes. Maced J Med Sci. 2011;4(1):93-98. doi: 10.3889/MJMS.1857-5773.2011.0159
10. Mercer B. Antibiotics in the management of PROM and preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2012;39(1):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 28.
11. Al-QaQa K, Al-Awaysheh F. Neonatal outcome and prenatal antibiotic treatment in premature rupture of membranes. Pakistan J Med Sci.2005;21(4):441-444.
12. Assudani HJ, Gusani JK, Mehta SJ, Agravat HH, Kothari K. Bacteriological profiles of septicaemia in neonates at tertiary care hospital, Gujarat, India. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2015;3(2):148-151. doi: 10.5455/ jrmds. 20153212
13.Aletayeb SM, Khosravi AD, Dehdashtian M, Kompani F, Aramesh MR. Identification of bacterial agents and antimicrobial susceptibility of neonatal sepsis: A 54-month study in a tertiary hospital. Af J Microbiol Res. 2011;5(5):528-531. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-89
14. Cecilia CM, Mary AC, Elizabeth EG, Jonathan GL, Joanne JL et al. Etiology of neonatal sepsis in five urban hospitals in the Philippines. PIDSP Journal. 2011; 12:75-85.
15. Chacko B, Sohi I. Early onset neonatal sepsis. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(1):23-26. doi:10.1007/ bf 02760574
16. Yasmeen J, Al-Bayaa, NedhalS.Ayoub, Sevan Najem Alwan. Relationship between Neonatal septicemia and birth weight. Fac Med Baghdad. 2012; 54 (2): 151-153.
17. Rajarshi B, Syamalkumar B. Study on Correlation between Sepsis Screening and Blood Culture in Neonatal Sepsis. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(5): 52-56.
18. Ratanakorn W, Srijariya W, Chamnanvanakij S, Saengaroon P. Incidence of neonatal infection in newborn infants with maternal history of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) for 18 hours or longer by using pharmong Kutklar Hospital clinical practice guidelines (CPG) J Med Assoc. Thai. 2005; 8(7): 973-978.
19. Sanyal MK and Mukherjee TN. Premature rupture of membrane; an assessment from a rural medical college of West Bengal; J. Obstet Gynecol India. 1990; 40 (4): 623-628.
20.Kodkany BS, Telang MA. Premature rupture of membranes. A study of 100 cases. J. Obstet Gynecol India. 1991;41(4):492-496.
21. Jain NK, Jain VM, Maheshwari S. Clinical profile of neonatal sepsis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2003; 1(2):117-20.
22. Magzoub OS, Ahmed MA, Abdelgadir YS. Clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis in paediatric ward at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Basic Research Journal of Medicine and Clinical Sciences 2015; 4(4):116-120.
23. Anwer SK, Mustafa S. Rapid identification of neonatal sepsis. J -Pak Med Assoc. 2000; 50 (3): 94-7.
24. Elewa A, Anber N, El Sayed ZM, Basem SA. El Deek. Evaluation of Microbiologic and Hematologic Parameters and E-Selectin as Early Predictors for Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015;4(11):665-673.
25. Venkatarao B, Israel G, Kamal P. Diagnostic Value of C- Reactive Protein and Hematological Parameters in Neonatal Sepsis. IOSR-JDMS. 2015;14(4):30-38.
26. Chauhan SB, Vaghasia V, Chauhan BB. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia. Nat J Med Res. 2012;2(3):276-278.
27. West BA, Peterside O, Ugwu RO, Eneh AU. Prospective evaluation of the usefulness of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in a sub-Saharan African region. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control. 2012;1(1):22. doi: 10.1186/2047-2994-1-22
28. Kayange N, Kamugisha E, Mwizamholya DL, Jeremiah S, Mshana SE. Predictors of positive blood culture and deaths among neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital, Mwanza-Tanzania. BMC Pediat. 2010;10(1):39. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-39.
29. Eman M. RabieShehab El-Din, Mohamed M. Adel El-Sokkary, Mohamed Reda Bassiouny, Ramadan Hassan. Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis and Implicated Pathogens: A Study from Egypt. Bio Med Res Inter07/2015. 2015:1-1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10. 1155/2015/509484
30. Ahmed AS, Chowdhury MA, Hoque M, Darmstadt GL. Clinical and bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia in a tertiary level pediatric hospital in Bangladesh. Indian Pediat. 2002;39(11):1034–1039.
31. Mugalu J, Nakakeeto MK, Kiguli S, Kaddu Mulindwa DH. Aetiology, risk factors and immediate outcome of bacteriologically confirmed neonatal septicaemia in Mulago hospital, Uganda. African Health Sciences. 2006;6(2):120-126.
32. F-Nilli AA, Shams A. Neonatal Complications of premature rupture of membrane. Acta Medica Iranica. 2003; 41(3):175-179.
33. Report of the National Neonatal Perinatal Database. Report 2002-2003. NNPD Network. [Last accessed on 2013 Dec 17]. Available from: http://www.newborn whocc. org/pdf/ nnpd_report_2002-03.PDF .
34.Shashikala S.TallurA.V. Kasturi,Shobha D.Nadgir,B.V. S. Krishna. Clinico-bacteriological study of neonatal septicemia in Hubli. Ind J Pediat. 2000;67 (3): 169-174.
35. Kerur BM, Bhat BV, Harish BN, Habeebullah S., Kumar CU. Maternal Genital Bacteria and Surface Colonization in Early Neonatal Sepsis. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73(1):29-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF027 58256
36. Meremikwu MM, Nwachukwu CE, Asuquo AE, Okebe JU, Utsalo SJ. Bacterial isolates from blood cultures of children with suspected septicaemia in Cala-bar, Nigeria. BMC infectious diseases. 2005;5(1) :110
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijpr.2019.i09.02
Published: 2019-09-30
How to Cite
Dr. G. Kalyan Chakravarthi, & Dr. S. Surya Veera Kumar. (2019). Incidence of neonatal sepsis in relation to prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM)>18 hours and associated risk factors for early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 6(9), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2019.i09.02
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Original Article
Copyright (c) 2019 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
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