A study on pattern of lower respiratory tract infections in children below 12 years of age admitted to KIMS hospital, amalapuram.
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children less than five years are the leading causes of mortality. A study was conducted to know the incidence of different types of LRTIs and the common causative organisms.
Methods: Routine investigations were carried out on 824 hospitalized children over 18 months and with special investigations like X-ray chest, USG chest, blood culture, pleural fluid analysis, tuberculin skin test, and CBNAAT for tuberculosis.the data were analyzed.
Results: Out of 100 cases, 2 cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis. Others, i.e., 97 improved and discharged. The minimum hospital stay was 3 days, and the maximum was 21 days. The incidence of LRTI in children was maximum (48%) in 1 – 4 years age and Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM ) was detected in 72% children. PEM I was maximum (35%) followed by PEM II (16%), PEM III (12%) and PEM IV (9%. Bronchopneumonia was diagnosed maximum (52%) followed by bronchiolitis (12%). Mantoux test was positive in 21%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated maximum and no significant drug resistance was identified.
Conclusion: Maximum incidence of LRTIs were detected between the age group of 1 – 4 years, malnutrition was an associated factor.
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