Role of cranial ultrasound for diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities in newborns
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the role of cranial ultrasound in neonates and infants in diagnosis of various intracranial abnormalities.
Method: A real time cranial ultrasound was performed on 98 neonates and 33 infants of 1 month to 1 year of age group including the all preterms and symptomatic term neonates and infants during the study period.
Result: Sonography results in symptomatic premature neonates showed Germinal Matrix haemorrhage in 67.56%, hydrocephalus in 37.83% and peri-ventricular leukomalacia in 24.31%, while in asymptomatic premature newborn, sonography showed germinal matrix haemorrhage/hydrocephalus in 27.5% and normal scan in rest of them. In symptomatic full term neonates, sonography showed hydrocephalus in 76.19%, germinal matrix hemorrhage in 19.04%, cystic encephalomalacia in 14.28%, porencephaly in 9.52%, hydrancephaly in 4.76% and normal scan in 14.28%. Sonographic scan in symptomatic infants of more than 1 month of age showed – echogenic sulci in 39.39% cases, hydrocephalus in 33.33%, cerebritis in 15.15%, cerebral abscess in 6.06%, mass lesions in 3.03% and normal scan in 24.24% cases.
Conclusion: Because of being safe, nonionising and easily available, cranial ultrasound can be used as a primary imaging modality to detect intracerebral lesions in neonates and infants.
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