Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Neonates: Current Perspective
Keywords:
Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Hemorrhagic disease of newborn, sepsis prophylaxis
Abstract
IVIG is being used off-label in newborns for sepsis prophylaxis, treatment of neonatal alloimmune diseases such as HDN & NAIT.Though earlier studies supported IVIG prophylaxis in neonatal sepsis prevention, latest INIS Trial showed that IVIG is not recommended to prevent neonatal sepsis. Use in treatment of sepsis remains controversial. Cochrane systematic review suggested a beneficial effect on mortality. Significant reduction in mortality occurred with addition of IgM-enriched IVIG. Nowadays IVIG is being increasingly used in Hemolytic Disorders mainly blood group incompatibility. It has been found to reduce multiple exchange transfusions, length of hospital stay & duration of phototherapy. Possible side effects include fever, allergic reactions, hypoglycaemia, hypotension, haemolysis, fluid overload & anaphylaxis. Pending FDA approval, prompt & judicious administration of IVIG with close monitoring for any adverse events is mandatory.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Mariel Navarro, Sergio Negre, Sergio Golombek, María L. Matoses, Máximo Vento. Intravenous Immune Globulin: Clinical Applications in the Newborn. NeoReviews Jul 2010, 11 (7) e370-378; DOI: 10.1542/neo.11-7-e370. [PubMed]
2. Melvan JN, Bagby GJ, Welsh DA, Nelson S, Zhang P. Neonatal sepsis and neutrophil insufficiencies. Int Rev Immunol 2010; 29:315-348. [PubMed]
3. Bayry J, Misra N, Latry V, et al. Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune & inflammatory disease. Trans ClinBiol2003 Jun; 10(3):165-9. [PubMed]
4. Mohan PV, Tarnow-Mordi W, Stenson B, Brocklehurst P, Haque K, Cavendish V, Cust A. Can polyclonal IVIG limit cytokine mediated cerebral damage and chronic lung disease in preterm infants? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004; 89:F5-F8 doi:10.1136/fn.89.1.F5.
5. Michael D. Weiss, David J. Burchfield. Adjunct Therapies to Bacterial Sepsis in the Neonate. NAINR. 2004; 4(1). [PubMed]
6. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Anti-inflammatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin.Annu Rev Immunol. 2008; 26:513-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090232. [PubMed]
7. Ergaz Z, Gross D, Bar-Oz B, Peleg O, Arad I. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in neonatal immune hemolytic jaundice treated with intravenous gammaglobulin. Vox Sang. 1995; 69(2):95–99. DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb01676.x [PubMed]
8. Shaw CK, Thapalial A, Shaw P, Malla K. Intravenous immunoglobulins and haematopoietic growth factors in the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis: ground reality or glorified myths? Int J ClinPract. 2007 Mar; 61(3):482-7. [PubMed]
9. Fujiwara T, Taniuchi S, Hattori K, Kobayashi T, Kinoshita Y, Kobayashi Y.Effect of immunoglobulin therapy on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in whole blood of neonates. ClinExpImmunol 1997, 107(3):435-9. [PubMed]
10. Van den Berg JP, Westerbeek EA, van der Klis F M., Berbers GA., van ElburgRM.Transplacental transport of IgG antibodies to preterm infants: areview of the literature. Early Hum Dev. 2011 Feb; 87(2):67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Nov 30. [PubMed]
11. Levy O. Innate immunity of the newborn: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 May; 7(5):379-90. [PubMed]
12. Chirico G, Rondini G. Plebani A et al. IVIG therapy for prophylaxis of infection in high risk neonates.J. Pediatri. 1987; 110:437 – 42. [PubMed]
13. Conway SP, Gillies DR, Docherty A. Neonatal infection in premature infants and use of human immunoglobulin. Arch Dis Child. 1987 Dec; 62(12):1252-6. [PubMed]
14. Jenson HB, Pollock BH: Meta-analyses of the effectiveness of intravenous immune globulin for prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Pediatrics 1997, Feb99 (2):E2. [PubMed]
15. Ohlsson A, Lacy J. Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD000361-CD000361. [PubMed]
16. Christenson KK, Christenson P, Bucher HV, et al. IV administration of human IgG to newbornInfants.Changes in serum antibody levels to group B streptococci Eur. J. Pediatr.1984;143:123-127. [PubMed]
17. Kinney J, Mundorf L, Gleason C et al. Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of IVIG admn to high riskneonates. AJOC 1991;145:1233–38. [PubMed]
18. FanaroffAA. KoronesSB,Wright LL et al. A controlled trial of IVIG to reduced nosocomial infection in VLBW infant. N Engl J Med. 1994 Apr 21;330 (16):1107-13. [PubMed]
19. Magay JF, Oury CB, Brautt D, et al. IVIG therapy for prevention of infection in high risk premature infants - Reports of a multicenter double blind study. Paediatrics 1991; 88: 437–42. [PubMed]
20. Brocklehurst P, Farrell B, King A, Juszczak E, Darlow B, Haque K, Salt A, Stenson B, Tarnow-Mordi W. Treatment of neonatal sepsis with intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 29;365(13):1201-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1100441. [PubMed]
21. Haque KN, Zaidi MH, Haque SK, Bahakim H. Intravenous immunoglobulin for prevention of sepsis in preterm and low birth weight infants. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Dec; 142(12):1293-6. [PubMed]
22. El-Nawawy A, El-Kinany H, Hamdy El-Sayed M, Boshra N. Intravenous polyclonal immunoglobulin administration to sepsis syndrome patients: a prospective study in a pediatric intensive care unit. J Trop Pediatr. 2005 Oct; 51(5):271-8. Epub 2005 May 25. [PubMed]
23. Ohlsson A, Lacy J. Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;3: CD001239-CD001239. [PubMed]
24. Alejandria MM, Lansang MA, Dans LF, Mantaring JBV: Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis and septic shock.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 16; 9:CD001090. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001090.pub2.
25. Weisman LE, Stoll B, Kueser T et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy of neonatal sepsis. J Pediatr 1992; 121:434-43. [PubMed]
26. Weisman LE, Cruess DF, Fischer GW. Standard versus hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin in preventing or treating neonatal bacterial infections.Clinics in Perinatology 1993; 20:211-24. [PubMed]
27. Cohen S, Porter RR. Structure and biological activity of immunoglobulins.AdvImmunol. 1964; 27:287-349. [PubMed]
28. Norrby-Teglund A, Haque KN, Hammastrom L. Intravenous polyclonal IgM-enriched immunoglobulin therapy in sepsis: a review of clinical efficacy in relation to microbiological aetiology and severity of sepsis. JInt Med 2006; 260: 509-516. [PubMed]
29. Kreymann KG, deHeer G, Nierhaus A, et al. Use of polyclonal immunoglobulin as adjunctive therapy for sepsis or septic shock. Crit Care Med 01/2008; 35(12):2677-85. DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000295263.12774.97. [PubMed]
30. Baxley A, Akhtari M. Hematologic toxicities associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. IntImmunopharmacol 2011; 11: 1663-1667. [PubMed]
31. R Gottstein, R W I Cooke. Systematic review of intravenous immunoglobulin in haemolytic disease of the newborn; Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:F6-F10 doi:10.1136/fn.88.1.F6. [PubMed]
32. Haque KN, Remo C, Bahakim H. Comparison of two types of intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. ClinExpImmunol. 1995 Aug; 101(2): 328–333. [PubMed]
33. Haque KN, Zaidi MH, Bahakim H. IgM-Enriched intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neonatal sepsis. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Dec;142(12):1293-6. [PubMed]
34. Maisel JM. Neonatal jaundice.Pediatr Rev. 2006;27(12):443–454. [PubMed]
35. Hara T, Mizuno Y, Kawano M, Ueki Y, Ueda K. Treatment of immune hemolytic anaemia with gammaglobulin. J Pediatr. 1987;110(5):817–818. [PubMed]
36. Corvaglia L, Legnani E, Galletti S, Arcuri S, Aceti A, Faldella G. Intravenous immunoglobulin to treat neonatal alloimmune haemolytic disease. J MaternFetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Dec;25(12):2782-5. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.718387. Epub 2012 Aug 27. [PubMed]
37. Charles Ahlfors, Daniel Batton, Thomas Bojko, et al., Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):297-316. [PubMed]
38. Alpay F, Sarici SU, Okutan V, Erdem G, Ozcan O, Gokcay E. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neonatal immune hemolyticjaundice.ActaPaediatr. 1999 Feb;88(2):216-9. [PubMed]
39. Alcock GS, Liley H. Immunoglobulin infusion for isoimmune haemolytic jaundice in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD003313. [PubMed]
40. Voto LS, Sexer H, FerreiroTavosnanska J, Orti J, Mathet ER, Margulies M, Margulies M. Neonatal administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in rhesus hemolytic disease. J Perinat Med. 1995; 23(6):443-51. [PubMed]
41. Rubo J, Albrecht K, Lasch P et al. High-dose intravenous immune globulin therapy for hyperbilirubinemia caused by Rh hemolytic disease. J Pediatr. 1992; 121:93-97. [PubMed]
42. Dagoglu T, Ovali F, Samaci N, Bengisu E. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for rhesus haemolytic disease. J Int Med Res. 1995 Jul-Aug; 23(4):264-71. [PubMed]
43. Tanyer G, Siklar Z, Dallar Y, et al. Multiple dose IVIG treatment in neonatal immune hemolytic jaundice. Trop Pediatr 2001;47:50–3. [PubMed]
44. NHS. Clinical guidelines for immunoglobulin use.2nd edn. London: Department of Health, June 2008.
45. G Girish, D Chawla, R Agarwal, V K Paul , A K Deorari. Efficacy of Two Dose Regimes of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Rh Hemolytic Disease of Newborn – A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatrics; Vol 45;August 17, 2008; 45:653-659.
46. Miqdad AM, Abdelbasit OB, Shaheed MM, Seidahmed MZ, Abomelha AM, Arcala OP. IVIG therapy for significant hyperbilirubinemia in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. J MaternFetal Neonatal Med. 2004 Sep;16(3):163-6. [PubMed]
47. ArvindShenoi, N. KarthikNagesh, P.P. Maiya, SwarnaRekhaBhat, S.D. SubbaRao. Multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial of therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in decreasing mortality due to neonatal sepsis; Indian Pediatrics 1999; 36: 1113-1118. [PubMed]
48. Ouwehand WH, Smith G, Ranasinghe E. Management of severe alloimmune thrombocytopenia in the newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000 May; 82(3): F173–F175. DOI: 10.1136/fn.82.3.F173. [PubMed]
49. Suarez CR, Anderson C. High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) in neonatal immune thromboctyopenia. Am J Hematol. 1987 Nov; 26(3):247-53. [PubMed]
50.BallinA, Andrew M, Ling E, Perlman M, Blanchette V. High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin therapy for neonatal autoimmune thrombocytopenia. J Pediatr 1988;112: 789–792.
51. Linder N, Shapiro SC, Moser AM, Roitman J, Engelhard D. Treatment of neonatal immune thrombocytopenia with high dose intravenous g-globulin. DevPharmacolTher 1990; 14: 205–208. [PubMed]
52. Stanley TV, Grimwood K. Classical Kawasaki disease in a neonate. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002 Mar;86(2):F135-6. [PubMed]
53. Figueras-Aloy J, Rodriguez-Miguelez JM, Iriondo-Sanz M, Salvia-Roiges MD, Botet-Mussons F, Carbonell- Estrany X. Intravenous immunoglobulin and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns with haemolytic disease. Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):139-44. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0676. Epub 2009 Nov 30.
54. Walsh S, Molloy EJ. Towards evidence based medicine for paediatricians. Is intravenous immunoglobulin superior to exchange transfusion in the management of hyperbilirubinaemia in term neonates? Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:739-741. [PubMed]
55. Kumar A, Teuber SS, Gershwin ME. Intravenous immunoglobulin: striving for appropriate use. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006;140:185–198 (DOI:10.1159/000093204). [PubMed]
2. Melvan JN, Bagby GJ, Welsh DA, Nelson S, Zhang P. Neonatal sepsis and neutrophil insufficiencies. Int Rev Immunol 2010; 29:315-348. [PubMed]
3. Bayry J, Misra N, Latry V, et al. Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune & inflammatory disease. Trans ClinBiol2003 Jun; 10(3):165-9. [PubMed]
4. Mohan PV, Tarnow-Mordi W, Stenson B, Brocklehurst P, Haque K, Cavendish V, Cust A. Can polyclonal IVIG limit cytokine mediated cerebral damage and chronic lung disease in preterm infants? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004; 89:F5-F8 doi:10.1136/fn.89.1.F5.
5. Michael D. Weiss, David J. Burchfield. Adjunct Therapies to Bacterial Sepsis in the Neonate. NAINR. 2004; 4(1). [PubMed]
6. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Anti-inflammatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin.Annu Rev Immunol. 2008; 26:513-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090232. [PubMed]
7. Ergaz Z, Gross D, Bar-Oz B, Peleg O, Arad I. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in neonatal immune hemolytic jaundice treated with intravenous gammaglobulin. Vox Sang. 1995; 69(2):95–99. DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb01676.x [PubMed]
8. Shaw CK, Thapalial A, Shaw P, Malla K. Intravenous immunoglobulins and haematopoietic growth factors in the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis: ground reality or glorified myths? Int J ClinPract. 2007 Mar; 61(3):482-7. [PubMed]
9. Fujiwara T, Taniuchi S, Hattori K, Kobayashi T, Kinoshita Y, Kobayashi Y.Effect of immunoglobulin therapy on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in whole blood of neonates. ClinExpImmunol 1997, 107(3):435-9. [PubMed]
10. Van den Berg JP, Westerbeek EA, van der Klis F M., Berbers GA., van ElburgRM.Transplacental transport of IgG antibodies to preterm infants: areview of the literature. Early Hum Dev. 2011 Feb; 87(2):67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Nov 30. [PubMed]
11. Levy O. Innate immunity of the newborn: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 May; 7(5):379-90. [PubMed]
12. Chirico G, Rondini G. Plebani A et al. IVIG therapy for prophylaxis of infection in high risk neonates.J. Pediatri. 1987; 110:437 – 42. [PubMed]
13. Conway SP, Gillies DR, Docherty A. Neonatal infection in premature infants and use of human immunoglobulin. Arch Dis Child. 1987 Dec; 62(12):1252-6. [PubMed]
14. Jenson HB, Pollock BH: Meta-analyses of the effectiveness of intravenous immune globulin for prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Pediatrics 1997, Feb99 (2):E2. [PubMed]
15. Ohlsson A, Lacy J. Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD000361-CD000361. [PubMed]
16. Christenson KK, Christenson P, Bucher HV, et al. IV administration of human IgG to newbornInfants.Changes in serum antibody levels to group B streptococci Eur. J. Pediatr.1984;143:123-127. [PubMed]
17. Kinney J, Mundorf L, Gleason C et al. Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of IVIG admn to high riskneonates. AJOC 1991;145:1233–38. [PubMed]
18. FanaroffAA. KoronesSB,Wright LL et al. A controlled trial of IVIG to reduced nosocomial infection in VLBW infant. N Engl J Med. 1994 Apr 21;330 (16):1107-13. [PubMed]
19. Magay JF, Oury CB, Brautt D, et al. IVIG therapy for prevention of infection in high risk premature infants - Reports of a multicenter double blind study. Paediatrics 1991; 88: 437–42. [PubMed]
20. Brocklehurst P, Farrell B, King A, Juszczak E, Darlow B, Haque K, Salt A, Stenson B, Tarnow-Mordi W. Treatment of neonatal sepsis with intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 29;365(13):1201-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1100441. [PubMed]
21. Haque KN, Zaidi MH, Haque SK, Bahakim H. Intravenous immunoglobulin for prevention of sepsis in preterm and low birth weight infants. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Dec; 142(12):1293-6. [PubMed]
22. El-Nawawy A, El-Kinany H, Hamdy El-Sayed M, Boshra N. Intravenous polyclonal immunoglobulin administration to sepsis syndrome patients: a prospective study in a pediatric intensive care unit. J Trop Pediatr. 2005 Oct; 51(5):271-8. Epub 2005 May 25. [PubMed]
23. Ohlsson A, Lacy J. Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;3: CD001239-CD001239. [PubMed]
24. Alejandria MM, Lansang MA, Dans LF, Mantaring JBV: Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis and septic shock.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 16; 9:CD001090. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001090.pub2.
25. Weisman LE, Stoll B, Kueser T et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy of neonatal sepsis. J Pediatr 1992; 121:434-43. [PubMed]
26. Weisman LE, Cruess DF, Fischer GW. Standard versus hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin in preventing or treating neonatal bacterial infections.Clinics in Perinatology 1993; 20:211-24. [PubMed]
27. Cohen S, Porter RR. Structure and biological activity of immunoglobulins.AdvImmunol. 1964; 27:287-349. [PubMed]
28. Norrby-Teglund A, Haque KN, Hammastrom L. Intravenous polyclonal IgM-enriched immunoglobulin therapy in sepsis: a review of clinical efficacy in relation to microbiological aetiology and severity of sepsis. JInt Med 2006; 260: 509-516. [PubMed]
29. Kreymann KG, deHeer G, Nierhaus A, et al. Use of polyclonal immunoglobulin as adjunctive therapy for sepsis or septic shock. Crit Care Med 01/2008; 35(12):2677-85. DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000295263.12774.97. [PubMed]
30. Baxley A, Akhtari M. Hematologic toxicities associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. IntImmunopharmacol 2011; 11: 1663-1667. [PubMed]
31. R Gottstein, R W I Cooke. Systematic review of intravenous immunoglobulin in haemolytic disease of the newborn; Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:F6-F10 doi:10.1136/fn.88.1.F6. [PubMed]
32. Haque KN, Remo C, Bahakim H. Comparison of two types of intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. ClinExpImmunol. 1995 Aug; 101(2): 328–333. [PubMed]
33. Haque KN, Zaidi MH, Bahakim H. IgM-Enriched intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neonatal sepsis. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Dec;142(12):1293-6. [PubMed]
34. Maisel JM. Neonatal jaundice.Pediatr Rev. 2006;27(12):443–454. [PubMed]
35. Hara T, Mizuno Y, Kawano M, Ueki Y, Ueda K. Treatment of immune hemolytic anaemia with gammaglobulin. J Pediatr. 1987;110(5):817–818. [PubMed]
36. Corvaglia L, Legnani E, Galletti S, Arcuri S, Aceti A, Faldella G. Intravenous immunoglobulin to treat neonatal alloimmune haemolytic disease. J MaternFetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Dec;25(12):2782-5. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.718387. Epub 2012 Aug 27. [PubMed]
37. Charles Ahlfors, Daniel Batton, Thomas Bojko, et al., Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):297-316. [PubMed]
38. Alpay F, Sarici SU, Okutan V, Erdem G, Ozcan O, Gokcay E. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neonatal immune hemolyticjaundice.ActaPaediatr. 1999 Feb;88(2):216-9. [PubMed]
39. Alcock GS, Liley H. Immunoglobulin infusion for isoimmune haemolytic jaundice in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD003313. [PubMed]
40. Voto LS, Sexer H, FerreiroTavosnanska J, Orti J, Mathet ER, Margulies M, Margulies M. Neonatal administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in rhesus hemolytic disease. J Perinat Med. 1995; 23(6):443-51. [PubMed]
41. Rubo J, Albrecht K, Lasch P et al. High-dose intravenous immune globulin therapy for hyperbilirubinemia caused by Rh hemolytic disease. J Pediatr. 1992; 121:93-97. [PubMed]
42. Dagoglu T, Ovali F, Samaci N, Bengisu E. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for rhesus haemolytic disease. J Int Med Res. 1995 Jul-Aug; 23(4):264-71. [PubMed]
43. Tanyer G, Siklar Z, Dallar Y, et al. Multiple dose IVIG treatment in neonatal immune hemolytic jaundice. Trop Pediatr 2001;47:50–3. [PubMed]
44. NHS. Clinical guidelines for immunoglobulin use.2nd edn. London: Department of Health, June 2008.
45. G Girish, D Chawla, R Agarwal, V K Paul , A K Deorari. Efficacy of Two Dose Regimes of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Rh Hemolytic Disease of Newborn – A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatrics; Vol 45;August 17, 2008; 45:653-659.
46. Miqdad AM, Abdelbasit OB, Shaheed MM, Seidahmed MZ, Abomelha AM, Arcala OP. IVIG therapy for significant hyperbilirubinemia in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. J MaternFetal Neonatal Med. 2004 Sep;16(3):163-6. [PubMed]
47. ArvindShenoi, N. KarthikNagesh, P.P. Maiya, SwarnaRekhaBhat, S.D. SubbaRao. Multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial of therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in decreasing mortality due to neonatal sepsis; Indian Pediatrics 1999; 36: 1113-1118. [PubMed]
48. Ouwehand WH, Smith G, Ranasinghe E. Management of severe alloimmune thrombocytopenia in the newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000 May; 82(3): F173–F175. DOI: 10.1136/fn.82.3.F173. [PubMed]
49. Suarez CR, Anderson C. High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) in neonatal immune thromboctyopenia. Am J Hematol. 1987 Nov; 26(3):247-53. [PubMed]
50.BallinA, Andrew M, Ling E, Perlman M, Blanchette V. High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin therapy for neonatal autoimmune thrombocytopenia. J Pediatr 1988;112: 789–792.
51. Linder N, Shapiro SC, Moser AM, Roitman J, Engelhard D. Treatment of neonatal immune thrombocytopenia with high dose intravenous g-globulin. DevPharmacolTher 1990; 14: 205–208. [PubMed]
52. Stanley TV, Grimwood K. Classical Kawasaki disease in a neonate. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002 Mar;86(2):F135-6. [PubMed]
53. Figueras-Aloy J, Rodriguez-Miguelez JM, Iriondo-Sanz M, Salvia-Roiges MD, Botet-Mussons F, Carbonell- Estrany X. Intravenous immunoglobulin and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns with haemolytic disease. Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):139-44. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0676. Epub 2009 Nov 30.
54. Walsh S, Molloy EJ. Towards evidence based medicine for paediatricians. Is intravenous immunoglobulin superior to exchange transfusion in the management of hyperbilirubinaemia in term neonates? Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:739-741. [PubMed]
55. Kumar A, Teuber SS, Gershwin ME. Intravenous immunoglobulin: striving for appropriate use. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006;140:185–198 (DOI:10.1159/000093204). [PubMed]
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijpr.2016.i01.12
Published: 2016-01-31
How to Cite
Dr. Rabindran, & Dr. D Sharad Gedam. (2016). Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Neonates: Current Perspective. Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research, 3(1), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2016.i01.12
Section
Review Article
Copyright (c) 2016 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
